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Comandos interesantes: Manual wget

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Wget es un comando en Linux muy interesante y poderoso.  Su función más simple es descargar archivos desde la web, soportando transferencias sobre protocolos como FTP, HTTP y HTTPS.

Pues como se pueden descargar archivos, cuando intentamos descargar una página, simplemente WGET nos trae el contenido HTML de esta página.  Ahí es que viene lo de interesante, pues este comando tiene unas opciones sumamente poderosas, las cuales podemos utilizar para crear arañas, por ejemplo, como es la opción “-r”, que se refiere a recursivo.

La mejor forma de estudiar este comando es usar el manual, escribiendo el comando:

$ man wget

Como ya ustedes saben, “man” es un comando para desplegar manuales en Linux, así que sigan investigando sobre este comando que es realmente útil.

Aquí les dejo la lista de opciones que acepta el comando, que se despliega al escribir:

$ wget –help

GNU Wget 1.11.4, a non-interactive network retriever.
Usage: wget [OPTION]… [URL]…

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

Startup:
-V,  –version           display the version of Wget and exit.
-h,  –help              print this help.
-b,  –background        go to background after startup.
-e,  –execute=COMMAND   execute a `.wgetrc’-style command.

Logging and input file:
-o,  –output-file=FILE    log messages to FILE.
-a,  –append-output=FILE  append messages to FILE.
-d,  –debug               print lots of debugging information.
-q,  –quiet               quiet (no output).
-v,  –verbose             be verbose (this is the default).
-nv, –no-verbose          turn off verboseness, without being quiet.
-i,  –input-file=FILE     download URLs found in FILE.
-F,  –force-html          treat input file as HTML.
-B,  –base=URL            prepends URL to relative links in -F -i file.

Download:
-t,  –tries=NUMBER            set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits).
–retry-connrefused       retry even if connection is refused.
-O,  –output-document=FILE    write documents to FILE.
-nc, –no-clobber              skip downloads that would download to
existing files.
-c,  –continue                resume getting a partially-downloaded file.
–progress=TYPE           select progress gauge type.
-N,  –timestamping            don’t re-retrieve files unless newer than
local.
-S,  –server-response         print server response.
–spider                  don’t download anything.
-T,  –timeout=SECONDS         set all timeout values to SECONDS.
–dns-timeout=SECS        set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS.
–connect-timeout=SECS    set the connect timeout to SECS.
–read-timeout=SECS       set the read timeout to SECS.
-w,  –wait=SECONDS            wait SECONDS between retrievals.
–waitretry=SECONDS       wait 1..SECONDS between retries of a retrieval.
–random-wait             wait from 0…2*WAIT secs between retrievals.
–no-proxy                explicitly turn off proxy.
-Q,  –quota=NUMBER            set retrieval quota to NUMBER.
–bind-address=ADDRESS    bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host.
–limit-rate=RATE         limit download rate to RATE.
–no-dns-cache            disable caching DNS lookups.
–restrict-file-names=OS  restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows.
–ignore-case             ignore case when matching files/directories.
-4,  –inet4-only              connect only to IPv4 addresses.
-6,  –inet6-only              connect only to IPv6 addresses.
–prefer-family=FAMILY    connect first to addresses of specified family,
one of IPv6, IPv4, or none.
–user=USER               set both ftp and http user to USER.
–password=PASS           set both ftp and http password to PASS.

Directories:
-nd, –no-directories           don’t create directories.
-x,  –force-directories        force creation of directories.
-nH, –no-host-directories      don’t create host directories.
–protocol-directories     use protocol name in directories.
-P,  –directory-prefix=PREFIX  save files to PREFIX/…
–cut-dirs=NUMBER          ignore NUMBER remote directory components.

HTTP options:
–http-user=USER        set http user to USER.
–http-password=PASS    set http password to PASS.
–no-cache              disallow server-cached data.
-E,  –html-extension        save HTML documents with `.html’ extension.
–ignore-length         ignore `Content-Length’ header field.
–header=STRING         insert STRING among the headers.
–max-redirect          maximum redirections allowed per page.
–proxy-user=USER       set USER as proxy username.
–proxy-password=PASS   set PASS as proxy password.
–referer=URL           include `Referer: URL’ header in HTTP request.
–save-headers          save the HTTP headers to file.
-U,  –user-agent=AGENT      identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION.
–no-http-keep-alive    disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections).
–no-cookies            don’t use cookies.
–load-cookies=FILE     load cookies from FILE before session.
–save-cookies=FILE     save cookies to FILE after session.
–keep-session-cookies  load and save session (non-permanent) cookies.
–post-data=STRING      use the POST method; send STRING as the data.
–post-file=FILE        use the POST method; send contents of FILE.
–content-disposition   honor the Content-Disposition header when
choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL).
–auth-no-challenge     Send Basic HTTP authentication information
without first waiting for the server’s
challenge.

HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options:
–secure-protocol=PR     choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2,
SSLv3, and TLSv1.
–no-check-certificate   don’t validate the server’s certificate.
–certificate=FILE       client certificate file.
–certificate-type=TYPE  client certificate type, PEM or DER.
–private-key=FILE       private key file.
–private-key-type=TYPE  private key type, PEM or DER.
–ca-certificate=FILE    file with the bundle of CA’s.
–ca-directory=DIR       directory where hash list of CA’s is stored.
–random-file=FILE       file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG.
–egd-file=FILE          file naming the EGD socket with random data.

FTP options:
–ftp-user=USER         set ftp user to USER.
–ftp-password=PASS     set ftp password to PASS.
–no-remove-listing     don’t remove `.listing’ files.
–no-glob               turn off FTP file name globbing.
–no-passive-ftp        disable the “passive” transfer mode.
–retr-symlinks         when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir).
–preserve-permissions  preserve remote file permissions.

Recursive download:
-r,  –recursive          specify recursive download.
-l,  –level=NUMBER       maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite).
–delete-after       delete files locally after downloading them.
-k,  –convert-links      make links in downloaded HTML point to local files.
-K,  –backup-converted   before converting file X, back up as X.orig.
-m,  –mirror             shortcut for -N -r -l inf –no-remove-listing.
-p,  –page-requisites    get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page.
–strict-comments    turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments.

Recursive accept/reject:
-A,  –accept=LIST               comma-separated list of accepted extensions.
-R,  –reject=LIST               comma-separated list of rejected extensions.
-D,  –domains=LIST              comma-separated list of accepted domains.
–exclude-domains=LIST      comma-separated list of rejected domains.
–follow-ftp                follow FTP links from HTML documents.
–follow-tags=LIST          comma-separated list of followed HTML tags.
–ignore-tags=LIST          comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags.
-H,  –span-hosts                go to foreign hosts when recursive.
-L,  –relative                  follow relative links only.
-I,  –include-directories=LIST  list of allowed directories.
-X,  –exclude-directories=LIST  list of excluded directories.
-np, –no-parent                 don’t ascend to the parent directory.

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